The Inscription of Vitaliana and Severus

The Inscription of Vitaliana and Severus

INSCRIPTION DETAILS

Findspot and Place of Origin

Country
Italy
Region
Veneto
Ancient Region
Regio X Venetia et Histria
City
Concordia Sagittaria
Ancient City

Chronology

Date of the inscription

Date
Mid-Fourth Century A.D.
Dating criteria
palaeography, onomastics

Autopsy

Institution
Location within museum
set into the wall of the right nave
Date of observation
2024

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

Type
Frontal slab of the sarcophagus.
Material(s)
Limestone.
Execution
Inscribed.
Dimensions
50 × 117 cm
Epigraphic Field
43 × 110 cm
Letters Height
4,5-5 cm

Palaeographic comment

Dextrograde direction, horizontal layout, vertical module, irregular ductus, shallow incision.

The inscription is difficult to read: the stone was not smoothed prior to the cutting of the letters, and the incision is shallow.

E is strongly laterally compressed.

F with an anomalous lower stroke beneath the median bar, rendering it almost indistinguishable from E.

M composed of four oblique strokes.

N with oblique lateral strokes.

Inscribed front panel of a limestone sarcophagus
The iscription of Vitaliana and Severus. Museo Nazionale Concordiese, Portogruaro; photo by Ortolf Harl (Ubi Erat Lupa). Courtesy of the Ministry of Culture - Regional Directorate of National Museums of Veneto. Any commercial or for-profit use of these images is strictly prohibited and must be subject to a specific authorization request to the Regional Directorate of National Museums of Veneto.

INSCRIPTION

INTERPRETATIVE TRANSCRIPTION

arcâm Vet<t>ia<e> Vitali{ni}an{i}<ae> et Fl(avi) Severi, <qui> emerunt de proprio suo; conpara = verunt (!) sibi ea<m> memorialibus meis, <si> q(u)i(s) ⸢e⸣a<m> aperire volue<r>i<t>, davit (!) fisc(i) viri = bus argenti p(ondo) dece{ce}m.

APPARATUS CRITICUS

1. ARCA[---], Bertolini 1874a, Bertolini 1874b; ARCVVETIA VITALINIANI ET FL SEVERI, CIL V 8775, EDR097923 ; ARCVSELIA VITALINIANI ET FL SEVERI, ILCV 716 . 2. [---] PROPRIO SVO CONPA/RAVERVNT SIBI [---], Bertolini 1874a, Bertolini 1874b . 4. QVI APERIRE VOLV[---] VIRI/BVS, Bertolini 1874a, Bertolini 1874b .

TRANSLATION

The arca of Vettia Vitaliana and Flavius Severus, they purchased with their own funds; they acquired it for my memorial. If anyone wishes to open it, they shall pay ten Roman pounds of silver to the fiscus.

COMMENTARY

The initial formula is similar to that of the inscription of Vassio: the first word is the noun arcam, even though in this case the following names are in the genitive. The poorly executed letters and frequent orthographic mistakes make it difficult even to ascertain the number and names of the owners of the arca. There may have been three (arcam Vet(t?)ia(e), Vital{in}iani et Fl(avi) Severi), or only two, namely Vettia Vitaliana and Flavius Severus. I consider it more likely that there were two dedicators: many female individuals retained their dua nomina even during Late Antiquity; one example among many is the inscription on the nearby arca of Valeria Peregrina.

In any case, it is difficult to assume that the inscription refers to the cognomen Vitalinianus/Vitaliniana: consulting the corpora PIR² and PLRE and the EDR database, no evidence of such a name is found; it is probable that another syllable was inadvertently added, as also occurs in the fifth line with dece{ce}m. Lettich hypothesizes that the first person is named Flavius Vitalianus: he considers it plausible that the letter V was written instead of A, as occurs in other inscriptions, that E is in fact an F with an anomalous lower stroke beneath the crossbar, and that T is an L. However, this hypothesis is not compatible with my autoptic observation.

Note the formula memorialibus meis. Lettich argues that the noun memoriale was written in place of the common memoria, which in this context would indicate the tomb. Indeed, in the two inscriptions where it appears, the word memoria acquires a physical meaning that replaces the more common term arca. However, it is unclear why the word memoriale is declined in the plural. Moreover, this noun cannot replace the term arca, here already referred to by the pronoun ea(m). Furthermore, the personal pronoun meus seems inconsistent: noster would have been more appropriate, since the verbs ĕmo and compăro are conjugated in the third-person plural.

One should ask whether the names in the first line were the dedicators and whether the beneficiary in the inscription speaks in the first person. Perhaps the name of the deceased was inscribed on a side or on the lid of the sarcophagus, but Bertolini does not report the discovery of another inscription (Bertolini 1874, 29-30).

PEOPLE

Vettia Vitaliana

NOMEN
Vettia
COGNOMEN
Vitaliana
GENS
Vettia
ORIGIN (of the name Vitaliana)
latin
GENDER
female
OCCUPATION
civilian
ROLE
dedicator/deceased
RELATIONSHIP
wife (→ Flavius Severus)

Flavius Severus

NOMEN
Flavius
COGNOMEN
Severus
GENS
Flavia
ORIGIN (of the name Severus)
latin
GENDER
male
OCCUPATION
civilian
ROLE
dedicator/deceased
RELATIONSHIP
husband (→ Vettia Vitaliana)

Bibliography

Bertolini 1874a, 30, nr. 25.
Bertolini 1874b, 294, nr. 22.
CIL V 8775.
ILCV 716.
Lettich 1983, 106, nr. 79.
EDR097923.