Krummrey-Panciera & EpiDoc Encoding
The following table presents a unified reference of the Krummrey–Panciera epigraphic conventions (formulated in 1980 and 1991 as an expansion of the 1931–1932 Leiden system), alongside their corresponding TEI/EpiDoc XML encoding and concrete examples drawn from the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum.
| Siglum 1980 | Siglum 1991 | Description | EpiDoc Encoding | Concrete Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division of Text | ||||
| abc / 5 abc | ab= c |
Division of verses (word divided across lines). | <lb n="6"/>ab<lb n="7" break="no"/>c | et / 5 Cantia (CIL, VI 4, vv. 4–5); T. Iulius Genesia/cus et Caecilia / Balbilla ceri/ 10 olaria duo Satu/ri (CIL, VI 18, vv. 7–11). |
| abc // abc | — | Division of pages. | — | P. Roscius Agathopus I. // Min(istri): / Thiasus, /5 Stephanus (CIL, VI 163, p.1, v.10 et p.2, vv. 3–5). |
| Letterforms & Legibility | ||||
| abc | abc | Letters fully legible for a word or part. | abc | Anabestas (CIL, VI 21); [---]imo iisque qui [---] (CIL, VI 2119, v. 2). |
| ABC | ABC | Fully legible letters, uncertain attachment to word (uninterpreted characters). | <orig>abc</orig> | [---]MVM[---] (CIL, VI 906 b, v. 2). |
| ạḅc̣ | ạḅc̣ | Damaged letters not recognisable outside context (ambiguous characters). | <unclear>abc</unclear> | Sancịo Sancto (CIL, VI 569, v. 1). |
| + + + | — | Traces of letters too corrupted to recognise; one cross per letter. | — | [Ca]esar / [---]esar / [---]esar ++ (CIL, VI 1210). |
| abc | abc | Letters previously read but now lost (text visible to previous editor). | <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor">abc</supplied> | Iunoni Reginae (CIL, VI 364). |
| Diacritics, Supralinear Lines & Ligatures | ||||
| á, é, í, ó, ú | á, é, í, ó, ú | Vowels marked with apices and other ancient diacritics. | <hi rend="apex">a</hi>, <hi rend="apex">e</hi>, etc. | Fortúnae Reduci (CIL, VI 196, v. 1). |
| abc, V | abc, V | Letters or numerals indicated with supralinear lines (overlines). | <hi rend="supraline">abc</hi>, <hi rend="supraline">V</hi> | (rae)(ositus) corp(oris) mag(nariorum) digno (rono) (CIL, VI 1696, v. 18). |
| ab, abc | âb, âb̂c | Connected letters (ligatures). | <hi rend="ligature">ab</hi>, <hi rend="ligature">abc</hi> | Pro salu | pro salute (CIL, VI 13, in fronte, v. 1). |
| Erasure & Ancient Modifications | ||||
| ⟦abc⟧ | ⟦abc⟧ | Anciently erased letters, still readable or probable. | <del rend="erasure">abc</del> | ⟦P. Septimio Getae⟧ (CIL, VI 220, v. 4). |
| ⟦[···]⟧ | ⟦[···]⟧ | Erased text, now lost (illegible). | <del rend="erasure"> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> </del> | — |
| «abc» | «abc» | Letters inscribed in place of erased ones, readable or probable (text struck over erasure). | <subst> <add place="overstrike">abc</add> <del>def</del> </subst> | «Brittanicis p(atribus) p(atriae)» (CIL, VI 220, v. 2). |
| ‵abc′ | ‵abc′ | Ancient addition to correct or supplement text. | <add>abc</add> | Cn. Serius Oppian‵ic′us (CIL, VI 1979, v. 21). |
| ‵abc′ | ‵abc′ | Text added by ancient hand (above the line). | <add place="above">abc</add> | — |
| ‵abc′ | ‵abc′ | Text added by ancient hand (below the line). | <add place="below">abc</add> | — |
| Lacunae & Restorations | ||||
| [abc] | [abc] | Letters lost due to damage, restored by editor. | <supplied reason="lost">abc</supplied> | Apollini sa[crum] (CIL, VI 25, v. 1). |
| [abc?] | [abc?] | Letters lost, uncertainly restored. | <supplied reason="lost" cert="low">abc</supplied> | — |
| [···] | [···] | Completely lost letters, number known; one dot per letter. | <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> | [···]icius Camerinus (CIL, VI 2042 d, v. 14 in.). |
| [- - -] | [- - -] | Completely lost letters, number unknown, not restored. | <gap reason="illegible" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> | [---]imo iisque qui [---] (CIL, VI 2119, v. 2). |
| [-] | [-] | Lost praenomen, number of letters unknown. | — | [-] Helvius Hermog[---] (CIL, VI 32533 b, v. 35). |
| [------] | [------] | Lacuna at beginning or end of inscription, one full verse lost (lost lines, quantity known). | <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="line"/> | [------] / A. L. [---]s L.f. Flaccus, / aid(iles), d(e) stipe Aesculapi (CIL, VI 7, vv. 1–3). |
| ------ | ------ | Lacuna for multiple verses, number uncertain (lost lines, quantity unknown). | <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/> | ------ / Veius post urbem / captam commigra/ri passus non est (CIL, VI 1308 in.). |
| [--- ?], [- ?], [------ ?], ------? |
------? | Uncertain if letters / lines were lost by fracture. | <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"> <certainty match=".." locus="name"/> </gap> | [---? -] Helvius Hermug[---] (CIL, VI 32533 b, v. 35). |
| Editorial Corrections & Supplements | ||||
| {abc} | {abc} | Letters erroneously added by stonecutter, removed by editor (superfluous characters). | <surplus>abc</surplus> | dedika{ra}runt (CIL, VI 224, v. 21). |
| <abc> | <abc> | Letters erroneously omitted by stonecutter, added by editor. | <supplied reason="omitted">abc</supplied> | huma<na>rum (CIL, VI 930, v. 18 in.). |
| ⸢abc⸣ | ⸢abc⸣ | Letters corrected by editor (erroneous characters). | <choice> <corr>abc</corr> <sic>def</sic> </choice> | C. Iulius C. ⸢f.⸣ Arn(ensis) (CIL, VI 100, v. 2). |
| — | abc (!) | Regularisation of dialect or late spellings, etc. | <choice> <reg>def</reg> <orig>abc</orig> </choice> | — |
| Abbreviations | ||||
| a(bc) | a(bc) | Abbreviated word, fully expanded by editor. | <expan> <abbr>a</abbr> <ex>bc</ex> </expan> | Gallicano et Vetere co(n)s(ulibus) (CIL, VI 209, v. 1). |
| — | a(bc?) | Abbreviated word, uncertainly expanded. | <expan>a<ex cert="low">bc</ex></expan> | — |
| a(---) | a(---) | Abbreviated word, cannot be solved. | <abbr>a</abbr> | C. H(---)C. H(---)C. H M(---)M(---)M (CIL, VI 38, v. 3). |
| Editorial Supplements & Notes | ||||
| (abc) | (abc) | Word placed by editor in place of reversed letters or notes; editor makes "subaudible" word manifest. | <supplied reason="subaudible">abc</supplied> | Mummia / (mulieris) liberta / Fortunata (CIL, VI 9799 a). |
| (scil. abc) | (scil. abc) | Word not written but supplied by editor. | <supplied reason="subaudible">abc</supplied> | Antigonus M. Iuni Erotis (scil. servus) (CIL, VI 446, v. 4). |
| (---) | <---> | Inscription not completed (text not completed; omission not restored). | <gap reason="omitted" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> | Iul(ius) / Rodo et (---) | Iul(ius) / Rodo et ⟨---⟩ (CIL, III 11121, vv. 5–6). |
| (!) | (!) | Editorial note for attention (sic). | — | corpus / exanimis (!) (CIL, VI 2160, vv. 1–2). |
| … | … | Word(s) omitted by editor from old or recent text. | <gap reason="ellipsis"/> | Domino Aesculapio et Hygiae … T. Iulius Genesiacus (CIL, VI 18, vv. 1–8). |
| Vacat (Uninscribed Space) | ||||
| vac.3 or vac.c.3 or vac. |
(vac. 3) or (vac.c.3) or (vac.) |
Line apparently not inscribed; length in letters estimated. If unknown: (vac.) |
<space quantity="3" unit="character"/> <space quantity="unknown" unit="character"/> | XVI k(alendas) Iun(ias) vac.c.5 dom(i) | XVI k(alendas) Iun(ias) (vac.c.5) dom(i) (CIL, VI 2046, v. 4). |
| vac.? | (vac.?) | Surface too corrupt to determine if inscribed (possible vacat). | <space quantity="5" unit="character"> <certainty match=".." locus="name"/> </space> | vac.? T. Aurelius Norbanu[s] | (vac.?) T. Aurelius Norbanu[s] (CIL, VI 32515 e, p. II, v. 19). |
| Numerals & Symbols | ||||
| V | V | Numeral, value known. | <num value="5">V</num> | — |
| - | ((chi-rho)) | Symbols: Chi-Rho (Christogram). | <g ref="#chi-rho"/> | — |