The Inscription of Ursacius

The Inscription of Ursacius

INSCRIPTION DETAILS

Findspot and Place of Origin

Country
Italy
Region
Veneto
Ancient Region
Regio X Venetia et Histria
City
Concordia Sagittaria
Ancient City

Chronology

Date of the inscription

Date
Last Quarter of the Fourth Century A.D.
Dating criteria
palaeography, onomastics

Autopsy

Institution
Location within museum
set into the wall of the right nave
Date of observation
2024

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

Type
Lateral panel of the sarcophagus.
Material(s)
Limestone.
Execution
Inscribed.
Dimensions
58 × 73 cm
Epigraphic Field
58 × 73 cm
Letters Height
4-6.5 cm

Palaeographic comment

Dextrorse direction, horizontal alignment, vertical module, irregular ductus, left-aligned layout.

A with a broken crossbar.

E, F, and T strongly compressed laterally.

Inscribed front panel of a limestone sarcophagus
The iscription of Ursacius. Photograph courtesy of the Museo Nazionale Concordiese, Portogruaro; photo by Ortolf Harl (Ubi Erat Lupa).. Courtesy of the Ministry of Culture - Regional Directorate of National Museums of Veneto. Any commercial or for-profit use of these images is strictly prohibited and must be subject to a specific authorization request to the Regional Directorate of National Museums of Veneto.

INSCRIPTION

INTERPRETATIVE TRANSCRIPTION

In ha{n}c arca iac = et Ursacius, bearcu = s (!) de numeroBataoru = m (!) seniorum, qui vixit annos XXX. Si {si} quis eam vo quis eam volu = erit aperire, det in fisco au = ri libras d⸢u⸣as.

APPARATUS CRITICUS

5. SI QVIS, Lettich 1983 .

TRANSLATION

In this arca lies Ursacius, biarchus of the numero of the Batavi seniores, who lived for thirty years.

If anyone should wish to open it, he shall pay two (Roman) pounds of gold to the fiscus.

COMMENTARY

Ursacius was a biarchus of the Batavi seniores. The biarchus represented one of the lower-ranking positions among the subaltern grades, and its specific function remains a subject of scholarly debate. According to Grosse, the biarchus would have been a non-commissioned officer in charge of provisioning, corresponding to the ancient frumentarius; this hypothesis was perhaps suggested by a presumed Greek etymology based on βίος + ἀρχός or βία + ἀρχός (Grosse 1920, 114-115). Speidel, however, maintains that the term derived from the evolution of the rank of exarchus, attested in the 3rd century AD; the rank could be conferred twice as a reward, obtaining the title of bis exarchus, which was subsequently contracted into biarchus during the 4th century (Speidel 2005, 206).

According to some hypotheses, the numerus of the Batavi, similarly to other auxilia, was founded prior to the tetrarchy by men belonging to the Germanic tribe of the same name (Rocco 2012, 163). However, the epigraphs found at Concordia attest to members with cognomina of Latin origin, as in the case of Ursacius himself, or Celtic origin, demonstrating that by this period the unit was no longer ethnically homogeneous.

The burial of Ursacius is located in the immediate vicinity of the sarcophagi of two other members of the Batavi: Flavius Carpilio and Flavius Savinus. This spatial proximity, together with that of Flavius Victurinus and Flavius Launio slightly further east, seems to confirm the existence of a strong spirit of camaraderie within the contingent.

The monetary fine of two Roman pounds of gold appears to be common among the Batavi of subaltern rank, appearing identically in the epigraphs of Savinus and Launio.

The inscription of Ursacius is engraved on the side panel of the sarcophagus, bucking the trend of most epigraphs in the necropolis, which were typically carved on the front. Given the site plan of the area, with other chests placed against the long sides, it is likely that the choice of the northern short side was dictated by the need for visibility toward the path that divided the burial ground into two sections.

A further peculiar aspect is the relationship between the text and the metal cramp used for sealing, which occupied part of the epigraphic field (Bertolini 1876a). The distribution of the letters, calibrated to avoid the recess for the cramp, suggests that the inscription was only executed after the definitive closure of the sarcophagus, once the body had already been interred.

PEOPLE

Ursacius

COGNOMEN
Ursacius
ORIGIN (of the name Ursacius)
latin
GENDER
male
OCCUPATION
soldier
RANK
biarchus
NUMERUS
Batavi Seniores
ROLE
deceased

Bibliography

Bertolini 1875b, 117-118, n. 11.
Bertolini 1876a, 87, n. 4.
CIL V 8776
ILS 2799
ILCV 516
Hoffmann 1963, 41, n. 19.
Lettich 1983, 82-83, n. 39.
EDR
EDR097924
Author of the record:
Damiana Baldassarra
Date:
30-11-2007